Narcissus Classic Greek Icon of Extreme Self-Love

Narcissus is a legendarily handsome young man in Greek mythology and the basis of a fertility myth. He experiences a particularly extreme form of self-love which leads to his death and transformation into a narcissus flower, fit to attract the goddess Persephone on her way to Hades.   Fast Facts: Narcissus, Greek Icon of Extreme Self-Love Alternate Names: Narkissus (Greek)Roman Equivalent: Narcissus (Roman)Culture/Country: Classical Greek and RomanRealms and Powers: The woodlands, no powers to speak ofParents: His mother was the nymph Liriope, his father the river god KephisosPrimary Sources: Ovid (The Metamorphosis III, 339–510), Pausanius, Conon Narcissus in Greek Mythology   According to Ovids Metamorphosis, Narcissus is the son of the river god Kephissos (Cephissus). He was conceived when Kephissos fell in love with and raped the nymph Leirope (or Liriope) of Thespiae, ensnaring her with his winding streams. Concerned for his future, Leirope consults the blind seer Tiresias, who tells her that her son will reach old age if he never knows himself, a warning and an ironic reversal of the classic Greek ideal, Know thyself, which was carved on the temple in Delphi.   Narcissus dies and is reborn as a plant, and that plant is associated with Persephone, who collects it on the way to the Underworld (Hades). She must spend six months of the year underground, which results in the changing season. Therefore, Narcissus tale, like that of the divine warrior Hyacinth, is also considered a fertility myth. Narcissus and Echo Although a stunningly beautiful young man, Narcissus is heartless. Regardless of the adoration of men, women, and mountain and water nymphs, he spurns them all. Narcissus history is tied up with the nymph Echo, who was cursed by Hera. Echo had distracted Hera by keeping up a constant flow of chatter while her sisters were dallying with Zeus. When Hera realized shed been tricked, she declared that the nymph would never be able to speak her own thoughts again, but could only repeat what others said.   One day, wandering in the forest, Echo meets Narcissus, who had been separated from his hunting companions. She tries to embrace him but he spurns her. He cries I would die before I would give you a chance at me, and she answers, Id give you a chance at me. Heartbroken, Echo wanders off into the forest and eventually mourns her life away to nothing. When her bones turn to stone, all thats left is her voice answering others lost in the wilderness. Echo and Narcissus, 1630, by Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665), oil on canvas. G. Dagli Orti / Getty Images A Fading Death Finally, one of Narcissus suitors prays to Nemesis, the goddess of retribution, imploring her  to make Narcissus suffer an unrequited love of his own. Narcissus reaches a fountain where the waters are unruffled, smooth and silvery, and he stares into the pool. He is instantly smitten, and eventually recognizes himself—I am him! he cries—but he cant tear himself away.   Like Echo, Narcissus simply fades away. Unable to move away from his image, he dies from exhaustion and unsatisfied desire. Mourned by the woodland nymphs, when they come to gather his body for burial they only find a flower—the narcissus, with a saffron-colored cup and white petals. To this day, Narcissus lives in the Underworld, transfixed and unable to move from his image in the River Styx.   White daffodils on a rustic wooden background. Marfffa / Getty Images Plus Narcissus as a Symbol To the Greeks, the narcissus flower is a symbol of early death—it is the flower gathered by Persephone on her way to Hades, and it is thought to have a narcotic fragrance. In some versions, Narcissus is not transfixed by his image out of self-love, but instead mourns his twin sister. Today, Narcissus is the symbol used in modern psychology for a person afflicted with the insidious mental disorder of narcissism. Sources and Further Information Bergmann, Martin S. The Legend of Narcissus. American Imago 41.4 (1984): 389–411.Brenkman, John. Narcissus in the Text. The Georgia Review 30.2 (1976): 293–327.Hard, Robin. The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology. London: Routledge, 2003.Leeming, David. The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. Oxford UK: Oxford University Press, 2005.Smith, William, and G.E. Marindon, eds. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. London: John Murray, 1904.

Controversy of Privacy and the Internet - 1117 Words

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Communication in Business Target Market and Convincing

Question: Describe about the Communication in Business for Target Market and Convincing. Answer: Introduction A business organization establishes apt communication plans to reach to its target market and convince them in the case of buying any particular product. A communication plan is therefore considered to be an art of making a firm relationship with the target audience to meet the profit margin with the help of advertisements, e-mails and public relations (Argenti, 2015). In the current year, Toyota Motor group has decided to launch a handful of new cars such as HiLux, C-HR, for which the company needs to set communication plans befitting their profit goal. The purpose of the following report is to make a suitable business plan for the Toyota motor group who are currently going to launch an innovative car. Before make the communication scheme, the assignment has evaluated some key aspects to determine an apt plan for promotions such as the internal and external stakeholders, scopes and objectives of the communication scheme. Additionally, the report has identified formal and informal channels of communication for Toyota and their certain advantages and disadvantages. The entire assignment has been conducted from a head of communication that has been requested to establish a report outlining the structure of a proposed plan for promotion. Hence, the report is going to give a commentary on the evaluation of the effectiveness of the communication scheme. The stakeholders of Toyota Motor group As per Guffey Loewy (2012), stakeholders play potential roles regarding determining the business growth of a particular organization. An automobile company like Toyota determines the demands based on the disposable income, product innovation and prices of vehicle and fuel. In the current business scenario, the automobile industry is suffering from the rising price value of steel and plastics those are the main instigators behind the high price value of cars and other vehicle devices (Cavusgil et al., 2014). Similarly like other leading automobile enterprises, Toyota motors have been another victim of the sudden revenue fall of about 15.4% in the year 2009. Internal stakeholders of Toyota For Toyota, employees are probably the most significant aspect as stakeholders. The company believes that their current success in the automobile market majorly relies on the quality performance of the employees. Hence, the company prefers to provide on development job system and individual training courses like management development, technical development for the working employees which help the staffs to find better opportunities in future (www.toyota.com.au, 2016). Additionally, the company provides satisfactory salary and job security to their employees. However, the company only gives placements to those candidates who have growth potentials. Business partners and shareholders are probably the second most significant stakeholders of Toyota Motors as, without the help of massive capital investment, the company could not have succeeded. Toyota's business partners include suppliers and dealers, and the company prefers to keep a firm relationship with them as a consequent to which the trading partners have developed certain guidelines for purchasing. However, it is a fortunate fact that suppliers' power for the company is weak as the company uses various metals for the production. In the year 2000, the company has gone through a recession which the company tactfully handled with the support of their investors (toyota-industries.com, 2016). Shareholders of Toyota motors are accountable to hold the stability of the business operations and supports to earn a sustainable growth by advancing the virtuous circle. On the other hand, the Toyota motor corporation is another pivotal stakeholder for Toyota as they hold the entire control of all the regional franchises of the company. The company strongly depends on the communities as Toyota has established several initiative programs such as education facility for safe driving courses under the initiative of Go Safely (toyota-industries.com, 2016). External stakeholders of Toyota External stakeholders of Toyota are majorly dominated by the local as well as national communities around the world. For instance, community sponsorship and corporate sponsorships like racing series sponsored by Toyota, Emirates team affect the communities and influence upon their buying preference. Toyota motors give a significant importance to its customers, and the company believes that demands of the customers should be considered first (Sunder, 2016). To reach customer satisfaction, the company gives stress upon upgrading the qualities of their product, sales, and service. According to the Toyota management, work quality is the key to winning customer satisfaction. Following this fundamental concept, the company prefers to make customization and produce cars with different price range. However, the government on the other side is a dominating stakeholder for Toyota as the company is bound to abide regulations and particular enforcement legislation implemented by the government. It is unfortunate a little that Toyota is currently facing issues for producing vehicles which have high MPG. As a dire consequence, the enterprise is continuously lobbying with the present Congress and Toyota now is attempting hard to get back customer trust which they have supposedly lost due to having lobbying issues (Choi Chung, 2012). Furthermore, Toyota considers social media as valuable external stakeholders as they provide latest and reliable information about the cars. However, both local and international NGOs and SRI (Sustainable Responsible Investment) are potential stakeholders for Toyota Motors as the company relies upon their positive rating regarding the resistance power of the manufactured cars. Scopes and aims of the communication plan The plan Before making a firm communication plan, it is essential to find out appropriate target market for the upcoming product (Coombs, 2014). Toyota Motors new crossover vehicle C-HR has been decided to make an arrival in early 2017. The car has been designed to lure the elite section of the society and distinctly those who possess an immense passion for the car. The sole purpose of Toyota Motors is to attract consumers by providing a satisfying experience of ownership. Additionally, they maintain the objective to dominate the market with the maximum supply of car. As opined by Mishra, Boynton Mishra (2014), a communication plan should accompany the core objectives of a company. C-HR is designed as a full sized sports utility vehicle (SUV) which is being considered to give a proper shape to the future of the sport or suburban utility vehicle. Fortunately, with the launch of C-HR, the company will find opportunities for sponsoring car racing events successfully. Considering all these aspects a relevant communication plan for the company will be to communicate through advertising, organizing public events and conducting personal selling for the external stakeholders. In the case of an advertisement, the company should consider online social Medias like Facebook, Twitter, and Google plus for the purpose of promotion (Russell Neuman et al., 2014). On the other hand, through organizing public events, the company can increase public awareness regarding the importance of sustainability and the potentiality of the new brand in shaping opportunities for small SUVS (Berger Iyengar, 2013). However, the company should not forget about informing about the entire communication plan to the existing employees with the help of e-mails and notice board. The communication plan should be sent to the departments of sales and marketing and finance initially and in this case the responsible persons will be the individual team leaders and field managers of the enterprise (Eyre, 2016). Information Stakeholder to provide information Responsible authority Time Information on companys vision regarding the launch Shareholders, employees, and suppliers CEO or the president First week Information about the probable budget Department of Finance Chief financial officer Second week Information on customer survey, present market survey report Supervisors of the manufacturing and logistics department Field managers Second and third week Information on promotional details Marketing department Chief executive of marketing Fourth week Particulars of the car Audience Media channels From the second month Information about the design, resistance power and durability of the car Overall audience, SRI Media channels, social networking sites From the second month Figure 1: Information plan for the stakeholders (Source: As created by the author) Scope and aims The purpose and objective of the communication plan for the external stakeholders will be therefore to invite customers between the age of 18 to 35 who prefers to a cost-efficient vehicle with reliable durability, safety, and superior quality. Alongside, the communication plan has possible chances to increase the brand image of Toyota Motors in countries like Australia and the USA. Most importantly, if the communication runs smooth on the internet and supposed public events will turn successful, then it can be expected that the growth of the confidence level of the customers and market share will maximize. If the plan runs successfully, then it would probably increase the level of trust of the customers those wishes to make a career in the sport of car racing. The plan has the potentiality to broaden the scope of the company in case of sponsoring car racing competitions. With the help of the program, Toyota can successfully gain individual opinions from the internal stakeholders, and it will contribute to assessing possible risk regarding the launch. Advantages and disadvantages of the formal and informal channels for communication of Toyota Communication channels for promotion are required to build an efficient and strong relationship with the target market and other external stakeholders for a company (DeFleur DeFleur, 2016). As per the designed communication plan, most of Toyota Motors communication relies upon the informal communication style as most of the promotional activities will supposedly be conducted through online social media. However, the communication plan includes promotion through organizing multiple public events; therefore there are chances for formal communication with the audiences. Formal channels of Toyota and their advantages and disadvantages Toyota motors prefer to maintain their formal communication with their employee through newsletters, notice board, memoranda and business plans. Even the proposed communication plan itself will work as a channel of official communication for the company. With the help of these official communication channels, the company has successfully established an effective communication process in which employees of the company share their opinions and information. The ability of Toyota motors in case of competing with rival organizations like Honda and Kia relies on the communication skills of their employees, though newsletter; memorandums and notice board are not enough for acquiring individual opinions from the existing workers. The practice of sharing information through these channels matches with the top down communication pattern. On the side of advantage where this kind of communication enables an equal flow of information, such communication process increases the risk of losing critical details or any relevant information about a project on the side of disadvantage (Eisenberg, E. M., Goodall Jr Trethewey, 2013). It would help if Toyota will increase the number of review meetings with the existing workers and give importance to the scheduled conversations. However, both international and domestic event management organizations like Event Planet and automobile dealers will work as the formal channels for Toyota motors for the promotional activities in case of launching the new car (Martin Nakayama, 2013). Alongside, Toyota considers sending e-mails to their core customers at the time of launching any new car in the market. Sending electronic mails to the individual core customers is beneficial as this process enables a firm and loyal relationship with the target audience. On the other hand, communication through public events provides the opportunities for face to face interaction with the audience (Schultz, Castell Morsing, 2013). However, in the case of informing or alluring customers through public events is not worth equivalent to the process of sending e-mails to the core ones. Hence, the disadvantage of using e-mails through this process is the company can only convince conveniently to a certain number of people and not every in dividual (McCombs, 2013). Informal channels of Toyota and their advantages and disadvantages Toyota uses newsletters, e-mails, notice board, text messages and memos in forms of informal communication with its employees. If the company uses online social Medias like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube as the informal channels of communication, then it will work in favor for the company. In the current scenario, online social Medias and websites are viewed by a maximum number of audience and specifically sports lovers prefer to keep an eye on the online video channels like YouTube and news channels to get current updates about any news of car launch (Johnson, 2013). Informal channels like online social media and news channels will give the advantage to earn the attention of the international audience which will raise the revenue margin and help to gain international sponsorship for car racing. However, on the contrary, informal communication channels may not prove successful for those people who are not frequent with the online social Medias. Therefore, instead of communicating through these channels, Toyota should give equal importance in promoting through local and international newspapers. Nonetheless, as opined by Adams, Harf Ford (2014), the theory of setting agenda is the process of covering particular news accurately and frequently to enhance its volume of importance. Toyota should keep in mind that the theory of Agenda setting will help to increase the level of importance regarding the new launch in the minds of the audience. Nevertheless, for the employees and other internal stakeholders, Toyota prefers to have communication through emails and telephonic conversation in the form of informal communication. Telephonic conversations and text messages help internal stakeholders to express and share the individual point of views with the management (Jindal, Laveena Aggarwal, 2015). Commentary for critically evaluating the effectiveness of the communication plan According to the action schedule of the communication plan, the company will spend a pretty amount of budget for broadcasting over the internet, social media channels and newspaper to have firm communication with the external stakeholders. The communication plan has strongly considered the theory of Agenda-setting, following which the action plan of the communication schedule involves a thorough repetition of the entire advertisement program for near about two months. The plan seems more to focus on making close communication with the external stakeholders and little less upon the internal ones. However, there should a planned schedule through which it would be easy to understand whether the plan has succeeded or not. Action Time Survey through online voting and rating One month Market survey through random selection Two month Table 2: Survey plan (Source: As created by the author) Conclusion From the above-considered report, it can be deduced that the communication plan for the launch of C-HR of Toyota has been prepared considering the necessity to share relevant information for both the internal and external stakeholders. The assignment indicates that formal channels of communication as well as informal channels of communication are required for the considered purpose. As per the proposed communication plan, employees and business partners are the prime internal stakeholders for Toyota for whom the company should make use of communication channels like e-mails, newsletters, phone calls and schedule meetings. On the other side, for chief external stakeholders like customers, media, government and local communities, Toyota should mainly depend upon online and offline social media such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, news and TV channels. Additionally public events, the press release will help actively in making a convenient communication bond. References Adams, A., Harf, A., Ford, R. (2014). Agenda Setting Theory: A Critique of Maxwell McCombs Donald Shaws Theory In Em Griffins A First Look at Communication Theory.Meta-communicate,4(1). Argenti, P. A. (2015).Corporate communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Berger, J., Iyengar, R. (2013). Communication channels and word of mouth: How the medium shapes the message.Journal of Consumer Research,40(3), 567-579. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Choi, J., Chung, W. (2012). Analysis of the Interactive Relationship Between Apology and Product Involvement in Crisis Communication: Study on the Toyota Recall Crisis.Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 1050651912458923. Coombs, W. T. (2014).Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding. Sage Publications. DeFleur, M. L., DeFleur, M. H. (2016).Mass communication theories: Explaining origins, processes, and effects. Routledge. Eisenberg, E. M., Goodall Jr, H. L., Trethewey, A. (2013).Organizational communication: Balancing creativity and constraint. Macmillan Higher Education. Eyre, E. C. (2016).Business Communication: Made Simple. Elsevier. Guffey, M. E., Loewy, D. (2012).Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Jindal, S., Laveena, L., Aggarwal, A. (2015). A Comparitive Study Of Crisis Management-Toyota V/S General Motors.Scholedge International Journal of Management Development ISSN 2394-3378,2(6), 1-12. Johnson, T. J. (2013).Agenda setting in a 2.0 world: New agendas in communication. Routledge. Martin, J. N., Nakayama, T. K. (2013).Experiencing intercultural communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. McCombs, M. (2013).Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion. John Wiley Sons. Mishra, K., Boynton, L., Mishra, A. (2014). Driving Employee Engagement The Expanded Role of Internal Communications.International Journal of Business Communication,51(2), 183-202. Russell Neuman, W., Guggenheim, L., Mo Jang, S., Bae, S. Y. (2014). The dynamics of public attention: Agendaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ setting theory meets big data.Journal of Communication,64(2), 193-214. Schultz, F., Castell, I., Morsing, M. (2013). The construction of corporate social responsibility in network societies: A communication view.Journal of business ethics,115(4), 681-692. Sunder M, V. (2016). Lean six sigma project managementa stakeholder management perspective.The TQM Journal,28(1), 132-150. Toyota About The Company. (2016).Toyota Australia. Retrieved 16 September 2016, from https://www.toyota.com.au/toyota/company toyota-industries.com. (2016).toyota-industries.com. Retrieved 15 September 2016, from https://www.toyota-industries.com/csr/library/pdf2006/24-25.pdf

Valley Archive Collections

The modern world as well as the future needs historical accounts in order to be aware of how events have changed with time. There are a number of ways of learning about the past. However, archives provide very important resources that give an account of the past. It is therefore crucial for communities to be informed about the importance of valuing and keeping their archives containing precious historical documents.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Valley Archive Collections specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The archives will protect useful documents, diaries, catalogues, reference books, photographs, music, films, minutes, letters, land records, newspapers, censuses and correspondence which will be invaluable for future generations. The essay discuses the power and potential of the Valley Archive collections, a project which happens to be part of the Virginia Center for Digital History at the University of Virgini a. The modern world has witnessed tremendous information, communication and technological advancements. Virtually all sectors in the society have made efforts to integrate these significant developments. Historians have not been left behind as far as keeping important records that gives an account of the past is concerned. The Valley of the Shadow is a digital archive of very crucial sources of information about the people of Augusta County, Virginia, and Franklin County, Pennsylvania, during the period of the American Civil War between 1859 and 1870. Most archives contain very limited documentation of the past which makes them look like digital books. However, the Valley of the Shadow archive is more like a large digital library that provides an account of thousands of original documents that paints a clear picture of how men and women of Augusta and Franklin counties lived during the Civil War in America. Despite its huge size, the Valley Archive Project is well structured and eas y to use. It contains thousands of census and government records which include maps and images, land and church records, official statistics, and tax records, letters and diaries, newspapers and speeches, and they all provide very detailed information about the day to day activities of people in the two counties during the time of the war. The three major sections into which the archive is divided make it easier to browse and access preferred information. The Eve of the War (1859-1861), The War Years (spring 1861-spring 1865), and The Aftermath (1865-1870) are the three sections of the Valley Archive. The click of a mouse on each section of interest enables one to take a tour into this virtual library. As one goes deeper into the library, one gets access to original documentation of most sectors of the society in the two counties at the time of the Civil War. Archives, therefore, are invaluable sources of historical accounts of any given society.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With the nature of the Valley Archive Project, it is evident that historical accounts can be integrated with scientific and technological advancements that make it easier for historians to access various accounts of the past. This ease of accessing historical information helps researchers in conducting investigations through the analysis of original documentations in their digital form. We can conclude, therefore, that without archives, there is no history. Work Cited University of Virginia (2009). The Valley of the Shadow. Retrieved from http://valley.lib.virginia.edu/VoS/choosepart.html This essay on Valley Archive Collections was written and submitted by user Lillie Chase to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Highschool Education and General Idea Essay

Highschool Education and General Idea Essay Highschool: Education and General Idea Essay High school is crazy but so am I. I’ve got a lot of qualities and a general idea of high school plus some education goals for the year that I hope I am able to achieve. First of all, I have a lot of good and bad personal qualities. Some good ones are that im a great learner and I always have been since I was little. I tend to catch on to things really quickly so that helps me to do really well in all of my classes. Some bad qualities that I have are that I can’t really pay attention in class to well I, im a really bad test taker and a lot of the time I don’t do homework when I need to. Next, I have set a couple of education goals for myself this year so I will be able to succeed. This year in school I am striving to do well so that im able to go to the college that I want to go to when I finish high school. School is really important for you to be able to go somewhere in life, school is a great place to learn people skills and the other life lessons. Finally, my outlook on high school is that it is very important for us to attend every day and actually learn something so that you wont have to live in your parent’s basement when you finish school. School isn’t just here to torcher you everyday with boring lessons it here to help us achieve educational goals so we can succeed in something. School is going to be fun yet crazy at the same time it will be a big learning experience! I have tones of good qualities and some bad, a general idea of high school is

A Band Of Brothers essays

A Band Of Brothers essays This book takes the reader on a great journey, one filled with excitement and sadness. The reader is a rifleman in Easy Company, 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division, U.S. Army, the greatest rifle company in the world. It all starts at Camp Toccoa, Georgia, then escalates to D-Day (Their first combat jump), and then to Hitlers Eagles Nest at Berchtesgaden. Basic Training at Fort Toccoa was the toughest BT in the Armed Forces. At Toccoa, they took in baby-faced recruits and turned them into lean, mean killing machines. Each of the 140 men and 7 officers who had come to Ft. Toccoa had either been an athlete or a hunter in high school. Toccoa was so tough that many of the OFFICERS didnt make it through there. The instructors in Georgia were very tough on these men. They knew that they had to be in supreme physical condition, or else they would never survive. To get these men in top physical condition, the drill sergeants ran the men up and down a hill that they called Currahee (Indian for We stand alone.) This hill was 3 miles up and 3 miles back. The men ran this hill at least once a day, if not twice. By the time the men shipped out of Georgia 8 weeks later, they were in the best fighting shape of their lives. On the night of June 6, 1944, the men from Easy Company loaded up into 8 c-47 carrier planes. Flying over Normandy, many planes were hit and began to go down, so men had to jump from 250 feet while going 150 miles an hour. When they actually hit the ground, many of the men could not find their gear and had to sometimes make do with just a field knife. As the men landed, (they were scattered about 5 miles apart, as the planes had been blown off course by the Anti-Aircraft fire.) they tried to group together in bands and make their way to the rallying point. Many men were killed, because they would accidentally walk right into a German ma ...

Pure Country and Stereotype Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pure Country and Stereotype - Movie Review Example Stereotype denotes simplified and fixed image of all members of a culture or group. Stereotypes are often based on race, religion, ethnicity, age, gender, and national origins (Stereotypes 2006). In Pure Country, Dusty is the stereotypical country musician-with a big hanging beard and ponytail. In today's modern thinking, mentioning the word country musician would paint a picture of a man with his long hair tied in ponytail and big beard clutching a stringed instrument. This stereotype emerged from the image of popular country musicians like Willie Nelson. This depiction of country musician has a very interesting history. Country music is an integration of the music types in the Southern America including traditional music, Gospel music, Celtic music, blues, and old time music (Peterson 1999). Before the term "country music" is coined and is used to denote to this amalgam, country music is more popularly known as hillbilly music because of its Southern American origin (Peterson 1999). Hillbilly became derogatory as it denotes the stereotypical dwellers of the rural and mountainous areas of southern Appalachia who are described as "free and untrammeled white citizen of Alabama, who lives in the hills, has no means to speak of, dresses as he can, talks as he pleases, drinks whiskey when he gets it, and fires off his revolver as the fancy takes him" (Harkins 1900). Thus, a country musician being an unprofessional one is the typical hillbilly who thrives in the mountain where shaves and barber shops are unpopular. On the other hand, the story of Pure Country is reflects the romance that viewers would want to get from a love story. The movie revolves on the typical plot that the life of a celebrity is empty without finding true love. In the movie, Dusty is a very popular and accomplished musician yet there is emptiness in his heart. It shows the stereotype that celebrities do not find fulfillment in fame and money. It clearly portrays the sad realities which are not captured by the limelight. In the present world, the life of celebrities has been exposed giving the audience a glimpse of what really happens in the life of showbiz personalities. The emergence of this stereotypical depiction of a celebrities' life is the product of the realities in show business. Britney Spears sings it clearly "She's so lucky, she's a star but she cry, cry, cries in her lonely heart thinking, if there's nothing missing in her life then why do these tears come at night." This stereotype portrayed in the movie bridges the gap between audience and celebrities by stressing that fame does not bring the complete happiness that an individual desires. In a positive way, it enables audience to appreciate the things that they have like family and loved ones instead of aspiring to be admired by fans. The stereotypes explored above are being taken advantage by business organizations to profit in their operations. Country music artists are to depict a stereotypical hillbilly-big beard and long hair. On the other hand, some companies stress the beauty of being a simple individual with family than someone who is rich and famous. An example of another movie with this theme is Family Man which starred Nicholas Cage and Tea Leonie. Stereotypes often hinder society from seeing what is really there, but this

Citibank's E-Business Strategy for Global Corporate Banking Case Study

Citibank's E-Business Strategy for Global Corporate Banking - Case Study Example The present research has identified that technology has brought enormous changes to the business practices. Talking about businesses, technology is not restricted to any one kind of business. With the changing technology it has become an essential part of the business practices to adapt accordingly. Changes in technology have been followed globally and by every business sector. One of the most important technologies that have caused the most powerful impact on the businesses is â€Å"Internet†. It has revolutionized the ways of doing business. The most enticing change that it has brought by the â€Å"Internet† is â€Å"E-Commerce†. Firms and industries have shifted towards E-commerce. Many firms have used this technology to set their competitive advantage. Use of internet for conducting business has helped in globalization. It has changed the dimensions of competition throughout the world. Use of internet has transformed the firms’ relationships with the c ustomers, employees, suppliers and other logistic partners. E-commerce is basically the use of internet technology to buy and sell goods. E-commerce has led to the emergence of new markets. It has led to the reduction in costs. Many firms that were unable to adapt the concept of using E-commerce have suffered. As mentioned before, E-commerce is not restricted to any one business sector. Banking is one sector that has faced a huge impact of E-commerce on its business practices; to such an extent that E-commerce has now become directly linked with the profitability (BECKER, S. A. 2008; MEHTA, V., SUDAN, A. S., & DAWRA, S. 2003; MALHOTRA.P &SINGH.B. 2009) Use of internet has changed the customer needs and expectations. It has also influenced the strategic decision-making of the firms. Banking sector had to come up ways in order to successfully adapt to this new technology. They needed a way to translate their traditional strengths into an internet-based business model so it could add m ore value for the customers. Use of internet has changed the infrastructure for the delivering of goods. Is has increased the time-span for the customers. Now they can connect with the bank at anytime and anywhere. This means that there has been an increase in the banking hours and customers can avail the banking facilities at anytime; especially the transaction facilities. Use of internet to facilitate the routine business practices has led to an immense increase in competition between the firms. Even the use of internet has to be done in a differentiated way. This is exactly how the Citibank incorporated this revolutionary technology into its business model. It not only proved to be successful but set an example for all the other firms that are present within the banking sector (BECKER, S. A. 2008; ENGLER, H., & ESSINGER, J. 2000; UNITED NATIONS. 1998) Point of Differentiation At the end of 1990, Citibank made a change to its corporate bank activities. It changed its corporate bus iness strategy form decentralized to centralized strategy. The bank aimed to build a single

The Evolution of a Fairy Tale Essay Example for Free

The Evolution of a Fairy Tale Essay In the universe of fairy tales, the Just often find a way to prevail, and the Wicked generally receive their comeuppance. But a closer look at the stories reveals much more than a simple formula. Behind the seemingly innocent tales of old lie undeniable truths about women—how they were treated in society, and how they wanted to break free from the mold their surroundings had built around them. To fully understand this, I will be examining â€Å"fairy tales† where women were not weak and vapid, where they became the heroes, and where a reversal of roles that was ahead of its time, arose. But first, a brief look at its history. The Origin of Fairy Tales Once Upon a Time, fairy tales werent written for children. According to Bob Huang’s essay, in spite of their name, the popular fairy tales usually have very little to do with fairies. We took the name from the French contes des fee, and the French literary fairy tales of the 17th century do feature far more fairies than the tales which are best-known today. The Grimm brothers collected the folk tales of the German people to make up their volume, but fairy tales are more than just folk tales. The German term for them is Marchen, a word for which there is no satisfactory English equivalent it is the diminutive of Mar, a story or a tale, and has come to mean a story of wonder and enchantment, as the fairy tale is. Although large numbers of literary fairy tales were written in 17th century France, most of the tales which are still told and retold now are far older in origin. Many of the stories were edited and changed as they were written down, removing the darker and more gruesome elements of the stories. The intended audience of the stories has also changed. Perraults collection of tales was written to be presented at the court of Versailles, and each tale ended with a moralistic verse. At the same time, literary fairy tales of great imagination and invention, often quite cruel and gruesome, were being created by the women surreptitiously rebelling against the constraints placed on them by their restrictive society. They were not written for children. Today, when asked to name authors of fairy tales, most people now (if they knew at all) would answer the Grimm Brothers or Charles Perrault, and perhaps Hans Christian Andersen. Yet throughout history, fairy tales have been womens stories, passed down orally by the mothers and grandmothers. When the tales began to be a literary form, the number and output of female authors vastly exceeds that of the males. The Grimm Brothers collected their tales from peasants and edited them to suit their audience; most of Perraults stories are retellings of old tales. Although the female authors included familiar elements, their now-forgotten tales were largely more inventive, original and fantastical than their male counterparts and frequently nastier, too. The Authors of the â€Å"Real† Fairy Tales In 1634, a cycle of fifty tales was published by Giambattista Basile, in which can be found some of the earliest written versions of familiar stories like Sleeping Beauty. Basiles tone is bawdy and comic; his narrators within the tale are old women, hags, crones and old gossips, the stereotypical tellers of the old wives tale. The women who brought the literary fairy tale to popularity fifty years or so later were anything but old wives. The story which marked the beginning of the form was written by the Countess dAulnoy, an aristocratic woman who tried to implicate her husband in a crime of high treason, but was discovered, and managed to flee Paris. She had been married to the husband at the age of 15; he was 30 years her senior, and a gambler and libertine. The cruelty of enforced marriages is remarked on by the heroines of many of her stories, and the tales of other women of the time. 0 years after fleeing Paris (she returned in 1685), Mme dAulnoy is thought to have assisted a friend to kill her husband, who had abused her. The friend was beheaded. The Countess de Murat was banished from Louis XIVs court in Paris for publishing a political satire about him; she then shocked the people of Loches, where she had her chateau, by holding gatherings where she and her friends would dance, talk, and tell fairy tales, as in the salons of Paris. Her tales concern marriage, the power struggles of the aristocracy, and true love. They do not always have a happy ending, either. Marie-Jeanne L Heritier led a less controversial life. She did not marry, choosing to dedicate herself to writing. Her father was a historian and writer, her sister was a poet. She was also the niece of Charles Perrault, and quite likely influenced his interested in fairy tales. Her Adventures of Finette features a heroine who wins by her wits, in spite of two lazy sisters and an evil prince. The Secret Messages In a time of political censorship, where women had few rights, fairy tales were one way that they could make their opinions known. The fairies themselves in the tales often stand for the aristocrats, having power over many but often caring little, bickering amongst themselves, concerned with their own power struggles. The heroines comment on the double-standards of the times, arranged marriages, and the false glory of war; the tales also illustrate the authors ideas on the standards of correct manners, justice and love. The tales were also written in opposition to the literary establishment at the time, which championed Classical literature as the standard for French writers to follow. Fairy tales were modeled on French folklore and the courtly love of medieval literature. When Perrault joined them in writing fairy tales, he was taking a stand for the modern style and for womens tales (although his tales did not exactly feature liberates females). The Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns was part of the society which the fairy tales rebelled against for most women there was no choice over which side to take, as they werent thought worth educating in Latin and Greek anyway. Instead of being forced out, they formed their own style. A Fresh Look at the tale Donkeyskin (Feminism at work) We begin with a dying queen, a king who is described as being the most powerful monarch in the world, and their daughter. In the queens final conversation with her spouse, she extracts a promise that should he wed again, he will marry no woman who does not fulfill a particular condition: to match her in beauty, to fit her wedding ring, to have hair of a hue as golden as her own, and so forth—conditions differing from culture to culture. The king remains single for a number of years, unable to meet the conditions of his promise to his wife. At least not until their only daughter matures. It becomes apparent that she, and she alone, fulfills the necessary conditions, and he resolves to marry her, much to the horror of kingdom and princess alike. Seeking to evade her fate, the princess follows her mothers example by attempting to set an impossible condition to prevent, or at least delay, the impending union (in some versions, through her own wiles; in others, through the advice of a substitute mother figure such as a fairy godmother; and sometimes, though more rarely than is common in other tales such as Cinderella or The Goose Girl, through the direct advice of her dead mothers spirit). Typically, she asks her father for a dress as shining as the sun, a dress as lucent as the moon, and a coat made from the skin of either a single precious animal, or from skins representative of all of the animals in the woods. In some variants, the princess asks directly for the source of her fathers wealth, such as the skin of the donkey. Regardless, the father is so driven by his incestuous urges that impossible condition after impossible condition is met. It is interesting to note that in this particular story, the action which fits the mold of unassertive femininity starts the ball rolling, indirectly causing a series of harmful effects, while the more assertive, independent actions of the daughter are both required and rewarded. When her conditions are met, instead of choosing to follow her fathers path and acquiesce to immorality, our heroine chooses to take her fate into her own hands and flees, disguised by her coat of skin, her link to the natural world, carrying the precious dresses that represent her heritage and worldly position. Once this character is away from civilization, she finds herself at something of a loss. Her only advantage in her new environment is the cloak of skins, which she has finagled away from her father. The implications of this garment are interesting. First, there is the fact that it was created, whole cloth, from the harm that her father wished to do her and the manner in which she avoided that fate. As such, it can be described as being the product of courage and cunning. It is also a resource that allows her to tap into a deeper part of nature and thus succeed in her future attempts at happiness through craft and cunning. After a time spent wandering the forest, a place symbolic of change and transformation, the princess is discovered by a hunting party, and taken to a foreign court on the strength of her value as a curiosity. After spending some time persevering by dint of hard labor in the court kitchens, the princess develops a strategy. She determines to catch the interest of this kingdoms prince through traditionally feminine gifts. She uses her physical appearance, her cooking skills, and her general ability to maintain his continued interest and fascination. This threefold plan succeeds. Aside from the aforementioned aspects of feminism that the princess displayed: the independent streak, the stubbornness, the unwillingness to conform, there are also the symbols that the story made use of in terms of the other central characters. The King, for instance, whose incestuous intent, for its time (and now), extremely amoral, symbolized the power that men of that era had. It did not matter that the relationship was a no-no, nor the fact that his daughter did not want to go through with it. He wanted her as his wife, and he intended to have her—come what may. The century in which this story was written clearly had women and men in set roles. Men were the hunters, the leaders, and the autocracy. Do you not often wonder why quite a few of the mothers in tales we know, died to start the story off (Cinderella, Snow White)? It was as if the women during that time wanted to relay to the readers how hard life was for them that the maternal figures for the protagonists were dead to begin with. And then the authors branch off. We’ve established the role of the man as the â€Å"obey-me† figure, now there’s the fairy godmother who always rushes in to help. What this character clearly meant was the supposition of a female as a powerful figure; A magical creature who could do anything with a flick of her wand. The author clearly wanted to show that despite the antagonist’s presence, something could be done, and it would be a woman to do it. If you notice, a lot of other tales incorporate the â€Å"Fairy Godmother† figure (Cinderella, Sleeping Beauty, Hansel and Gretel). Then there’s Prince Charming. He is the culmination of all the hardships that our heroine goes through. A rich, handsome, not-too-bright fellow who can’t seem to recognize the love of his life when in costume! Research has shown that women in the olden days did want rich husbands and a comfortable life. It was as if the Prince was their way of saying, â€Å"this is what I want, and what I deserve. Now, about our Donkeyskin heroine†¦her femininity did come back (the cooking, the vanity), but one could see all through to the end of the story, that she was willing to assert her authority, and not play second fiddle anymore. She ran away from her situation in the hope of finding a better one, and in the process, found she really needed (in her time, a husband seemed to fit the bill). Modern Feminist Fairy Tale Authors In our modern arts, as in ages past, women storytellers have understood this best. Margaret Atwood, Olga Broumas, Carol Ann Duffy, Denise Duhamel, Sandra Gilbert, Theodora Goss, Liz Lochead, Lisel Mueller, Lisa Russ Spar, Gwen Strauss, Jane Yolen, and many other contemporary feminist poets have used fairy tale themes to powerful effect to portray the truth of womens lives. (Anne Sextons collection Transformations, in particular, is an extraordinary work which no lover of fairy tales or womens writing should miss. ) Prose writers, too, have used fairy tales themes in a variety of interesting ways, exploring tradition stories from fresh, shrewd, modern perspectives. Some of their fairy tale novels and stories can be found on the mainstream fiction shelves, such as Angela Carter’s ground–breaking collection The Bloody Chamber, Margaret Atwoods The Robber Bride, Kate Bernheimers The Complete Tales of Ketzia Gold, Loranne Browns The Handless Maiden, A. S. Byatts Possession, Kathryn Daviss The Girl Who Trod on a Loaf, Berlie Dohertys The Vinegar Jar, Emma Donaghues Kissing the Witch, Alice Hoffmans The Blue Diary, Susanna Moores Sleeping Beauty, and Gioia Timpanelli’s Sometimes the Soul. Similarly enchanting works can be found tucked away on the fantasy shelves: Gwyneth Joness Seven Fairy Tales and a Fable, Peg Kerrs Wild Swans, Tanith Lees Red as Blood and White as Snow, Patricia McKillips Winter Rose, Robin McKinley Beauty and Deerskin, Rachel Pollacks Godmother Death, Delia Shermans Porcelain Dove, Sheri Teppers Beauty, Patricia C. Wredes Snow White and Rose Red, Jane Yolens Briar Rose, and the stories in the Snow White, Blood Red anthology series, to name just a few. Still more can be found on the Young Adult fiction shelves, including Francesca Lia Block’s The Beast and the Rose, Shannon Hales The Goose Girl, Sophie Massons Serafin, Edith Patous East, Ursula Synges Swans Wing, and the many fairy tale novels of Donna Jo Napoli. In The Feminine in Fairy Tales, a collection of her lectures at the Jung Institute in Zurich, Von Franz discusses themes in The Girl With No Hands, equating the heroines flight into the wilderness with the inner journeys we make into the unconscious and the lands of the soul. The forest [is] the place of unconventional inner life, she says, in the deepest sense of the word. It is there, in solitude, that the heroine can look deep inside herself and find the space, time, and clarity to heal, symbolized by the restoration of her hands at the end of the tale. Gertrude Mueller–Nelson builds on these ideas in her book Here All Dwell Free: Stories to Heal the Wounded Feminine in which she uses two fairy tales — The Girl With No Hands and The Sleeping Beauty — to examine the ways the ‘Feminine’ is devalued in modern culture, and in men and womens lives. Conclusion Such tales were passed down through the generations by word of mouth, woman to woman, mother to child — using archetypes as a mirror held to daily life, particularly the lives of those without clear avenues of social power. Why do we continue to be ensnared by fairy tales, after all these centuries? Why do we continue to tell the same old tales, over and over again? Because we all have encountered wicked wolves, faced trial by fire, and found fairy godmothers. We have all set off into unknown woods at one point in life or another. Women had found their voices through the â€Å"tales† and were set free.

Freedom of Expression in Canada :: Freedom of Speech

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The right to freedom of expression can be described as a war. It is a war that has lasted for centuries and may last for centuries more. It is a war between freedom of expression and social intolerance. In this war there are many battles. The battle on which this brief essay centers itself is the battle between freedom of speech and laws limiting that freedom; more specifically the ability to spread hate propaganda and the "hate laws". Included in the essay is a brief outline of one skirmish that has taken place (Keegstra). Those who fight on the side supporting freedom of speech do so for several reasons. Braun declares that it is a basic democratic right to voice your own opinion . Douglas Christie has gained notoriety for his vigorous representation of high- profile, controversial clients, charged under the hate laws. He advocates freedom of speech for two main reasons: a) he finds it abhorrent that the state can legislate thoughts and words, and b) he often agrees with the views held by his clients. Others such as Noam Chomsky, a brilliant intellectual, argue not for the views expressed, but the ability to express them. Lining up on the other side of the battle you have: Derek Raymaker, David Kilgour, Victor Ramraj, and Bruce Elman. They argue that there is definitely a moral place for laws regarding hate speech, whether they are criminal or not. There was recently a new development in the Canadian war for freedom of expression. Introduced in April 1982 was a new and important strategic battleground.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the Charter of Rights and Freedoms the war could be won or lost by either side. It was not long before the Charter saw battle.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1984, Jim Keegstra was charged with violating section 281 of the Criminal Code of Canada (now covered under section 318-320). Keegstra was a respected school teacher and mayor of the small town of Eckville, Alberta. This was no borderline fanatic; this was an elected official charged with promoting hate. However by the time Keegstra's trial rolled around he was no longer the mayor Eckville and his teaching license, revoked. The problem was, the very nature of s. 281 lent itself to legal debate under section 2 of the relatively new Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The defense counsel Doug Christie lost no time in challenging the legislation's constitutionality. In response, Crown prosecutor, Bruce Fraser, stated that Keegstra was being charged with promoting hatred; not expressing it. The Crown also stated that freedom of speech is not

One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest

The only constant is change. It is inevitable that every person throughout their life will transform in some way—for good or for bad. Changing for the better usually starts with a selfish, egotistic person who is trying to be less interested in him/herself, and more interested in others. In the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey, this type of transformation is easily recognized. â€Å"When we quit thinking primarily about ourselves and our own self-preservation, we undergo a truly heroic transformation of consciousness~Joseph Campbell. McMurphy parellels the previous quote by Joseph Campbell, and by examining his actions and relationships, the reader is able to see that he is transformed from an originally selfish man into a self-less hero. Randal Patrick McMurphy is introduced as an extremely selfish man who will do anything to benefit his own personal gain. This is evidently displayed through the description of his past actions, and also through the w ay he treats the other patients on the ward. Motivated by self-interest throughout his life, McMurphy’s past can not only be labeled as that of a criminal, but of an egotistical criminal who completely disregards the feelings of others repeatedly. â€Å"McMurry, Randle Patrick. Committed by the state from Pendleton Farm for Correction. For diagnosis and possible treatment. Thirty-five years old. Never married. Distinguished Service Cross in Korea, for leading an escape from a Communist prison camp. A dishonorable discharge, afterward, for insubordination. Followed by a history of street brawls and barroom fights and a series of arrests for Drunkenness, Assault and Battery, Disturbing the Peace, repeated gambling, and one arrest—for Rape. † (Kesey 44) The charges that Randall proudly displays while he is introducing himself manifests that his character is irresponsible on account of his behaviour for Drunkenness, violent—shown through Assault and Battery charges, and deranged which is evident in his arrest for Rape. Each of these characteristics that make up his criminal personality can be associated with that of an extremely selfish and negligent man. Furthermore, McMurphy displays his mercenariness when it comes to his repetitive gambling. Not only was McMurphy charged for this in the past, but his disregard for the rules and his lack of sensitivity for the well being of others allow him to continue to gamble with the patients in the Oregon asylum. McMurphy is constantly hassling the patients to gamble with him on subjects such as poker, the Chief lifting the control panel, and McMurphy driving Big Nurse insane—with the knowledge that he is going to win. Many of the patients in the ward are in debt because of McMurphy. â€Å"How much did you lose, Bruce? Mr. Sefelt? Mr. Scanlon? I think you all have some idea what your personal losses were, but do you know what his total winnings came to, according to deposits he has made at Funds? Almost three hundred dollars. † (222) Treating his fellow patients like this and disregarding the consequences that they will face due to his gambling, McMurphy show’s the reader that he is only there to benefit himself. The once selfish personality that McMurphy heavily displays in the beginning of the novel is starting to undergo change. The fishing trip that McMurphy plans for the patients is a distinct event where the reader is able to see a transformation because he shows characteristics of his selfish side, but also of his new self-less personality. Before going on the fishing trip, McMurphy cheated the other patient’s by charging them too much money. â€Å"Seventy dollars? So? I thought you told the patients you’d need to collect a hundred dollars plus ten of your own to finance the trip Mr. McMurphy. † (197) Big Nurse questions McMurphy until it is completely obvious that he was making money off of taking the patients on this trip. Contrasted to this act however, while on the boat McMurphy helps each of the men to act for, and stand up for themselves. He teaches them to laugh, fish, and act like a man even though they have been suppressed from their ability to do so with Big Nurse. â€Å"They could sense a change that most of us were only suspecting; these weren’t the same bunch of weak-knees from a nuthouse that they’d watched take their insults on the dock this morning. (215) McMurphy set aside his time to help these men because he could tell they needed to learn for themselves—it was only then that they would be able to stick up to Big Nurse. He is becoming more and more aware of the responsibility he has on teaching and leading the men. Another event where both sides of Macks’ (McMurphys’) personalities are displayed is thro ugh the simple action that he takes by standing up to the Nurse. Cheswick takes great pride in McMurphy’s actions and starts to follow them. However, when McMurphy finds out he is committed, he completely disregards the importance of his status, nd stops helping Cheswick— who commits suicide right after he says â€Å"I do wish something mighta been done though.. † (151) After this incident, McMurphy’s rebellious nature goes from self-interest to devotion of helping the other inmates, and he enshrines himself in being an example for them so that nobody ever gets hurt like Cheswick did. Once McMurphy realizes how important the power and responsibility that he has put on himself is, the transformation from a self-interested criminal into a respected hero was complete. He dedicates his time, and well-being to aid the others patients who could not do so for themselves. McMurphy was their hero. In the showers one day, George—a germophobe—was having a tough time with the black boys and could not defend himself. In seeing this, McMurphy stepped in: â€Å"I said that’s enough, buddy† (229) McMurphy repeatedly argued, and fought with the boys’ until he was taken away by aides of the Disturbed ward. The punishment: Electroshock Therapy. In this situation, McMurphy was not previously aware of the consequences, but still gave himself to helping another. Following this incident, McMurphy is well aware of the consequences he would face—but still made a conscious decision to do all that he is able to for his friends. A hero is considered to be a man noted for nobility and courage; especially one who has risked his life. McMurphy is a hero; a martyr; a figure of Christ. After Billy had slit his throat due to the tyrannous power of the Nurse, McMurphy attacked her. Knowing full well that this action would result in a lobotomy, he did it anyways for Billy and the others on the ward. Even though he sacrificed his own life, he stood against oppressive powers and displayed to the others his bravery and loyalty. â€Å"We couldn’t stop him because we were the ones making him do it. It wasn’t the nurse that was forcing him, it was our need that was making him push himself†¦ It was us that had been making him go on for weeks, keeping him standing long after his feet and legs had given out, weeks of making him wink and grin and laugh and go on with his act long after his humour had been parched dry between two electrodes. (267) Easily compared to Christ, McMurphy acted as a saviour and saint to his fellow men. His death was dignified, and it was for other people. A truly heroic transformation was completed throughout McMurphy’s commitance at the Oregon State Asylum. He started out as a self-involved criminal who was treating the fellow patients poorly, and slowly became more herioc as he showed signs of helping the men, mixed with his old self ish ways. Ending off, Randal P. By examining his actions and relationships, McMurphy is finally seend as a man who sacrificed himself for a greater cause; he evolved into a hero. One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest Ken Kesey’s One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is a Classic American novel that is filled with correlating events that portray women as monsters through misogynistic actions and language. Throughout time, society advocated that man was the dominate role that was in charge in almost every aspect, while women stayed at home and were inferior figures. However, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest shows how society acts misogynistic, or shows hatred towards women, when there is a reversal of these stereotypical gender roles; women are instantly depicted as monsters and uniformly terrifying. McMurphy’s actions in the ward, Kesey establishing women as over-oppressive, and women being portrayed as terrifying figures all illustrate how society acts misogynistic when there is a reversal in the roles of men and women. The man figure thrives off being dominant and in control, and when that power is threatened or not in place, male figures instantly bash the women society. McMurphy’s actions towards the nurse, such as disrespecting the nurse, indicate misogynistic qualities as it signifies women do not deserve respect. When McMurphy is enrolled in the hospital, Nurse Ratched has a set of rules set forth that everyone is to comply to so they can become healthy. However, McMurphy being the misogynistic character that he is, starts a war between the nurse and himself as he finds the rules overbearing. McMurphy then shows a hatred of women as he disrespects the nurse and fails to comply to the rules she set in place. He begins by being loud and obnoxious and disrupting the peace in the ward, and when the nurse asks him to quiet down he only becomes more difficult by showing his naked body. The nurse goes to confront him about being loud and â€Å"McMurphy steps out of the latrine door right in front of her holding that towel around his hips† (86). The nurse states that he cannot run around the ward revealing his body, but only laughs in her face and gets a kick out of her being uncomfortable. By lacking the wherewithal to comply to such simple rules that were established by the women work force reveals a sense of misogyny in the novel. He is not only disrespecting and establishing his hatred for the nurse and the women in the hospital, he is teaching the other patients that it is okay to have a hate for women. When McMurphy is forced to attend the meetings that are meant to help each patient get problems off their chest, he states that â€Å"she’s a bitch and a buzzard and a ball cutter† (54) for bringing up Harding’s issues with his wife. Nurse Ratched sees that the issues that Harding experiences with is wife are part of the reason why he is wrapped up in a mental ward, and McMurphy only uses misogynistic language to describe the nurse. McMurphy continues to show his misogynistic characteristics has he disobeys the rules of the ward at a higher level; he physically harms another patient. When McMurphy is trying to be restrained for fighting he only â€Å"drove a fist square in the center of the white, starched chest† (237) of the aide that worked for the nurse. The fight in the shower only further signifies the hatred of women that McMurphy had. He decided to disrupt the peace in the ward and not only make the life difficult for the nurse but difficult for her workers. Kesey strengths the idea of misogyny as he establishes the nurse and other female characters, such as the nurse, as over-oppressive figures who emasculate the male characters. The purpose of the ward is to enable patients to receive treatment that will help them get better so they can function in society. However, Kesey implies that women are merely characters who are detrimental to the male’s as they castrate them. For instance, Chief Bromden’s mother is portrayed as this overbearing character who turned his father into a weak alcoholic from a big strong chief. The chief’s father was a big man and married a women from Dallas, and he signifies that the emasculating began as his mother made them take on her last name, Bromden. The Chief proceeds to portray his mother as an emasculator as he states, â€Å"my mother made him to little to fight any more and he gave up† when the government was trying to take away his tribe and land (188). Thus, a sense of hatred is brought forth as the Chief is stating that women will turn you form a big, strong man into a weak alcoholic, just as his mother did to his father. Similarly, Billy Bibbit’s mother will not let him develop sexually and treats him as an infant to be watched over by the nurse. When Billy goes and has sex with Candy, the prostitute, he gains this sense of manhood and dominance. However, the nurse is portrayed as an emasculator as she threatens to tell Billy’s mother that he has had sex; ultimately taking away the manhood he briefly gained. The nurse states, â€Å"Mrs. Bibbit’s always been so proud of your decision. I know she has. This is going to disturb her terribly. You know how she is when she gets disturbed, Billy; you know how ill the poor women can become† (271). Scared of loosing his mother’s love Billy’s voice â€Å"scraped the white, bare walls of the seclusion room† and he â€Å"lifted his chin so he was shouting at the moon of light in the ceiling† (271). After Billy commits suicide over the situation, and everyone suggests that the nurse is the reason Billy killed himself. Thus, the idea of misogyny is further noticeable in the text as Kesey is applying that women are these over bearing individuals that strip men of their manhood. Within in the novel, Kesey illustrates the demeanor of the women character as terrifying and almost monster like. This creates a misogynistic undertone within the text as women are not being portrayed as a nurturing figure, they are these terrifying people that the men are afraid of. Right away the image of the nurse is depicted as this huge monster like an image that punishes for any wrong doing. In the beginning of the novel the aides of the nurse are slacking from their job, and as the nurse sees them mumbling together in a group Chief Bromden indicates that she is going to â€Å"tear the black bastards limb from limb† and that she â€Å"blows up bigger and bigger, as big as a tractor† (5). The nurse is being portrayed as this beast like figure that takes on this hideous form whenever she is unhappy with people and their actions. Fundamentally, there is a misogynistic setting being set forth as the Chief is indicating that a women in power, such as the nurse, takes on these hideous qualities. Rather then being depicted as upset or annoyed with the aides, any nurturing and loving qualities are instantly stripped as she is described as a creature. In a sense women being terrifying figures is further evident as Harding, a patient in the ward, proclaims, â€Å"We are victims or matriarchy here, my friend, and that doctor is just as helpless as we are. He knows all Ratched has to do is pick up that phone you see sitting at her elbow and call the supervisor and mention, oh, say, that the doctor seems to be making a great number of requisitions for Demerol† (56). Ultimately the Nurse is being portrayed as this terrifying figure that must be obeyed, and when disobeyed she can have it so you are addicted to the strongest drugs possible. A misogynistic undertone is being established as it is evident that Kesey is attempting to insinuate that women in the text are centralized on having complete and utter control rather then on helping patients get better. Another character that underlings the misogynic undertone in the novel is Billy Bibbit’s mother; she is a terrifying figure in the eyes of Billy. Billy has dreams of going to college and looking for a wife, however, when he brings these topics up with his mother â€Å"she only tickled him with the fluff and laughed at such foolishness† (254). Thus, women are being presented as these terrifying figures that will not let you escape from their grasp. They want to have complete control so they can always establish the rules. Society is based of the status quo of men and women; men love being in control over the women and dictating the rules of a society. However, when a women seizes power in a particular culture there can be a sense of misogyny that is established. Such examples of McMurphy’s barbaric actions in the ward, Kesey establishing women as controlling figure, and women being noted as feared all underline misogynistic qualities that a society takes on when males are upset with a women in power. These qualities all are detrimental to the women society; they are not being illustrated as caring and loving, they are presented as people who create a struggle for everyone else. Just as the society of the mental ward has a hatred for Nurse Ratched, they take on these qualities in attempt to force her to leave, so they can be set free from her grasp. They want a new leader for the ward and by being misogynistic they believe that it will cause the nurse to leave as no one wants to live hated in a society. Furthermore, the ward acts with misogyny as they strive to tire the nurse out from all the stress being created so that she will eventually break down and give up her position. One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest One flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is a tale of rebellion against the obvious authority cloaked within the walls of an insane asylum and redemption through it. The setting is one played out many times before in various hero stories. A man enters a foreign place, meets oppressed indigenous people, decides to help them see the light, and gives his life for the greater good. In this case the protagonist is not the narrator, but rather McMurphy, a con-man and gambler who fixes his way out of hard labor and into a seemingly cushy hospital setting. Little does he realize he just signed his freedom away to Gestapo dressed as nurses. From the moment he steps into the hospital his freedom is questioned. The nurses acting as dictators, especially Nurse Ratched, try to take complete control of every patient, of every aspect, and the more one struggles the harder their life becomes. For McMurphy what is a challenge to established sanction in the beginning, becomes a fight for the freedom of all patients in the end. The power of the nurses dictatorship runs in three themes throughout the book; false diagnoses of illness, women emasculating men, and social destruction of natural impulses and drives. The emasculation of men is a theme found through out the entire novel. Not only are the men weakened through embarrassment, but also destroyed through castration. Seeing the men gathered for their talks with the nurses was just one of the many ways the men were destroyed emotionally. Bromden himself commented on this torture of patience which in a sense took their balls. The struggle there is not against just one woman but an entire system. A matriarchy set up with easily controllable subordinates to Ratched and watchdogs who are the men full of anger working underneath her. This power struggle is not an unknown phenomenon to the men there as most of the patients have had controlling women in their lives before. One great example of this is the mother of the narrator who is a woman that took control just as the women of the hospital. Bromdens mother turned his father into an alcoholic weakling and even made him take her last name further weakening the chief. Another example came later in the novel when McMurphy commissioned a prostitute to sleep with Billy. This form of therapy did seem to help him recover, however Nurse Ratched threatened to tell his mother because of which he committed suicide. This idea of suicide was not the only one as another of the patients castrated himself and others commented that all a man had to do was wait a bit. Moving further into the oppression of men we step into the realms of the destruction of impulse. The novel makes a strong distinction between the natural and the mechanical. Bromden, being a man of the land and the son of a Native American chief, is the embodiment of nature trapped within social confines. He is born free as he hunts with his father as a child until the government buys out the land and so starts his battle to regain his place in nature. The hospital and the staff are all seen as agents of the unnatural. The staff is described as consisting of mechanical parts and the hospital it self has is a machine at the control of Ratched. Bromden goes on to describe a fog machine that is used to fill the hospital and cloud the vision of the patients. This of course is symbolic for the clouding of judgment and in effect the manipulation of sanity as a mind unable to see clearly will not be one to make sound decisions. McMurphy’s entrance into the hospital is a representation of natural impulse and raw sexuality clashing directly with the mechanical. As he walks in he laughs and Bromden comments how that is the first real laugh he has heard in long time. Later in the novel McMurphy brags about his conquests of a young girl which led to his incarceration adding to social constraints presented in the story. As the novel nears end McMurphy does free many of the patients which symbolizes the return to the natural and a weakening of authoritative grip when they walk out of the hospital. This however, is directly tied in to him loosing his mind via lobotomy. This brings the final theme for the subjugation of freedom found within the story; false diagnosis. Sometime before McMurphy ever stepped foot in the asylum there was a rebel before him. Though this man did not seem to challenge the system as harshly as McMurphy he was not a roll over either. He did, however question the process which is evident from his inquiry to the medication he was taking. He was treated via intense electro shock therapy and lobotomy from which he lost his ability to reason, his fighting spirit, and indeed his personality. The man became a human cow for which he was later released and praised as cured by Nurse Ratched. This was an erroneous diagnosis as the man was perhaps as healthy as most. The issue was brought up in the novel stating that a man of sound mind questions, however it is insane to do so at the challenge of authority as majority rules. The case was very much the same for McMurphy. When he rebelled he was not seen as a man rebelling but a patient loosing a grip on reality. Though, it is unclear whether Nurse Ratchet really saw it that way, it would seem that she was too concerned with having absolute control to care for the peoples well being. This in turned caused to the patients treated inhumanly within the hospital and leant to the fear of leaving. What happened in the hospital was tragic and in many ways analogous to a dictatorship of a nation. When a dictator has absolute control of a country the people must have a fear instilled in them in order to remain in control. This is how the hospital operated with Ratched unchallenged based on the fear of what she may do to the men there. This was the case until McMurphy showed them to live out side the confines of a mental prison of fear.

Background of Hrm Essay

Key Points to Share: Human resources management is the process of controlling and managing people to achieve an organization’s objectives. For example, it specifies what time the employees have to arrive and determines what kind of task suits to the individual. 1. The Evolution of Human Resource Management Function 1.1 Scientific Administration The concept is to put the right man to the right job. When a person keeps working on repetitive jobs, tasks get done quicker. For rewarding system, the more they work, the more they get paid. Employees are seen as machines (cost) and the company tells them what to do. Being repetitive work routines, employees get bored and dissatisfied. Moreover, there is a lack of communication between employees. 1.2 Personnel Administration The concept is quite similar to science administration because a company sees employees as machines (cost). It gives little attention in dealing with human. This concept is usually found in manufacturing jobs and factories. It focuses on controlling, hiring, and firing people. For example, a company makes sure that employees come to work and leave on time by using clock-in and clock-out system. 1.3 Human Relations Movement There are more interactions between people. Participation in discussion and knowledge sharing are allowed, resulting in a closer distance between boss and employees. It is the time that organization moves from controlling to sharing ideas. As a result, company can have more options and be innovative. Also, employees would feel more comfortable and have a sense of belonging to the company. 1.4 Human Resource Management It focuses on how a company manages people, understanding employees’ needs and wants, and making their employees as an asset. Employees are trained in order to develop necessary skills for long-term advantages. This concept is influenced through practices, policies, and function of employees in the company. The business strategy links to HR strategy including job design and structure, recruitment, selection, training, rewarding and promotion, career management, and performance management. In the case whereby employers treat employees well, it is beneficial in the long run in maintaining relationship with employees. 5. Strategic Human Resource Management It shows how a company link different HR practices together. Panyapiwat Institute of Management (PIM) is a good example of corporate institute run by CP. It offers courses that try to develop important skills in the way the company wants. In this strategy, the company links their educational courses to organizational strategy to prepare students to become well-trained employees. McKinsey 7S Model and Strategic HRM Value identifies what is good and what is right. Company tries to stress on the importance of keeping the company’s value. Also, company tries to pass on company’s value generation to generation. 2. Current Competitive Challenges in HRM 2.1 Globalization has an impact toward HRM in terms of movement of people, war for talent, and regional integration. Nowadays, people can easily work anywhere because of trade policy and immigration policy. These policies allow more flows of goods and services, and also factors of production. It benefits companies which are seeking for potential labors. Also, many multinational companies send expatriates to work in foreign countries. However, there is also a bigger gap between good brand image companies and companies that cares more about reducing costs. In Asia, we have a potential to become an important source of labor since there is a trend of growth pool such as ASEAN, China, and India. Above all, the labor cost is cheap. As a Thai citizen, we think that it is going to be hard for Thailand to compete with other ASEAN countries for many reasons such as cultural factors and social factors. For cultural factors, Thais are lazy and they are not willing to do dangerous, difficult, and dirty jobs. For social factors, Thais do not want to work outside of the country because they do not want to be apart from their families. In Thai society, grandparents help to look after their grandchildren while parents can go to work and this shows strong family ties of Thai culture. 2.2 Human Capital is skills, knowledge, and competency of individuals that bring economic benefits to an organization. It can be developed through supportive national policy by government, corporate tailor-made strategies by companies, and continuous self-improvement by individuals. In Western countries, the company seeks for employees who have a good communication skill, leadership, capabilities and creativity. On the other hand, Thailand focuses more on being knowledgeable. The companies start to make their own strategy to attract human capital. For example, CP creates its own university to train its potential employees. By doing so, CP can offer specialized training and also detect talented people that they are looking for. 3. Change Management There are two types of changes which are reactive change and proactive change. Reactive change is a change when something has already happened while proactive change is doing something before it happens. A company needs to have change management programs to prepare employees for uncertainty and make sure that they can adapt to various situations. However, the effort to change can fail for many reasons. If the companies do not wish to encounter failure, they should maintain proactive change. For example, the price of company A’s stock may decline from time to time. Thereby, company can give incentives to stockholders to encourage them to buy its shares. 4. Cost Containment There are five cost containments including downsizing, outsourcing, offshoring, onshoring, and crowdsourcing. 1. Downsizing happens when most companies layoffs their employees during the financial crisis. 2. Outsourcing is using the third party to work in the organization. It saves costs of hiring and training employees. Also, it helps companies to be more flexible. 3. Offshoring (Global Sourcing) is a business practice of sending jobs to other countries. For instance, many Western countries move their production part to other countries in Asia to cut costs. 4. Onshoring is a business practice of sending jobs to other locations within the country. For instance, the minimum wage in Thailand is 300 Baht. If employees live in Bangkok or Phuket, they would have to spend more on expensive necessities. However, if they live in other parts of the country, they would find it cheaper. 5. Crowdsourcing is the process whereby a company amateurs to design or create their products instead of full-time employees. It can help in terms of reducing cost. 2.5 Technology There are two types of technology which have impact on HRM which are Human Resources Information System (HRIS) and Electronic Human Resource Management (E-HRM). HRIS is the technology that introduces and provides data to the company. Examples would be MUIC OASIS and Googledoc. E-HRM is a process of transferring the information that is used for HRM. In other words, it is a tool that uses to access the system such as iPhone and iPad. These two types of technology are helpful for HR functions such as learning, recruiting and training. However, technology has many drawbacks such as privacy issues, uncontrollable spread of data, and the overuse of technology causing lower productivity of employees. 3. Employee concerns in the workplace 3.1 Background diversity There should be no discrimination in terms of national origin, race, religion, marital status and personal appearance in the organization. In U.S., there is an EEO Law (Equal Employment Opportunity Law) which makes sure that companies treat the employees equally. 3.2 Age diversity In some companies, they prefer elderly because these people are more knowledgeable. They are better at giving advices to customers. Generation Typology 1. Veterans (1920-1946) 2. Baby boomers (1947-1964) 3. Generation X (1965-1980) 4. Generation Y (1981-2000) 5. Generation Z (1995-2010) 6. Generation I (2001 onwards) 3.3 Gender issues in workplace 3.3.1 Sexual preferences: Masculinity vs. femininity For example, there is a certain perception of women as housewives and men as income earners. As a result, men are preferred at the workplace as they are seen to be more productive at work. However, this issue does not only apply to male and female preference, but also third genders. 3.3.2 Sexual harassment can be in both verbal and physical ways such as sexual jokes, language usage, and physical touching. 3.3.3 Office romance is prohibited in some companies to avoid issue of being biased on performance and evaluation. 3.3.4 Grass ceiling means there are some unseen barriers which block female from promoting to upper job positions such as CEO, COO, CFO, etc. There are three reasons that obstruct women to be on a top position. †¢ Stereotype: Company directors and executives would consider women as less talented than men to reach higher position. They believe that women are too sympathetic and therefore, cannot be a leader. †¢ Old boy’s network: male would like to create their own league, which causes tougher obstacle for women. †¢ Cultural influence: Japan, Korea, and Taiwan focus more on masculinity while Scandinavian countries focus more on femininity. 3.3.5 Marital Status: Being single or married can have am impact on being selected. For example, if you are married, you will be seen as a responsible person and concerned more about job security because they have a family to support. 3.4 Job security Unlike past decades, the current tendency of job security is expressed as instability because of world economic crisis, excessive welfare in Northern and Western Europe, and characteristic of new generation. More people would prefer to be a freelance (do not get regular and secure jobs but irregular and insecure jobs such as part time jobs in 7-11 or fast food store). 4. Conclusion With background of human resource management, a company could understand more about the evolution of this science, learn from the history, and choose a method that suits to its style. To success in managing people, we have to concern about both competitive challenges and employee concerns. These two things will be used to consider and applied to HR functions which are planning, recruitment, staffing, job design, training, appraisal, communications, compensation, benefits, and labor relations. If a company can adapt and adjust its HR processes properly, it will be surely successful. There is no business, if there is no people to work for it.

king s speech essay

king s speech essay king s speech essay Xiao Yu The King’s Speech Writing 2 Professor Cummings Responsibilities of a king are numerous, but above all, a king is there to protect and speak for the people. Although the power a king has is limited in modern time, the king is still the face of the nation and represent the people. The king must address the nation during important events such as the entering of a war. In â€Å"The King’s Speech†, Prince Albert, Duke of York, is faced with speech difficulties that prevent him from making a suitable, public figure. Prince Albert, also known as Bertie, visited many speech therapists but had seen little result in improving his â€Å"mechanical difficulties† (King’s Speech). Elizabeth, the supportive wife, played by Helena Bonham Carter, sought out an unorthodox speech therapist, Lionel Logue. Lionel, played by Geoffrey Rush, understood the circumstances with treating royalty, but knew it was necessary to step outside the standard edict in order to help Prince Albert conquer his stamme r. The opening scene start with Bertie’s first broadcast at the closing season of the Empire Exhibition. With his severe case of stammer, Albert struggles to make only a few orders during his speech; the scene makes it evident to the audience that the Duke of York was incapable of public speaking, none the less make important announcements. Being the caring, worried wife, Elizabeth seeks the aid of Mr. Lionel Logue. After several sessions, Lionel realized that he must be seen as a friend in the king’s eyes in order for progress to take place. During sessions, the king must see himself as an equal to Lionel; simple tactics such as identifying each other on a personal name basis were used to achieve improvement. Through hard work and a strong friendship, the therapist explored the depth of Albert’s problem and guided the king toward conquering his speech impediment. By the closing scene of the movie, King George VI was ready to define the nation’s stan ce on Germany and the war. As the scene begins with Bertie and Lionel in the broadcasting room, it seems rather small and calming. After Lionel opens the windows for circulation, the viewers can see that there was a customized podium for Bertie; all dà ©cor was to provide the king with comfort. With only twenty seconds until broadcasting, Lionel gives one last breath of confidence to Bertie; â€Å"Forget about everything else and just say it to me. Say it to me, as a friend† (King’s Speech). Before Bertie begins his speech, the camera is directed toward the script in his quivering hands. The pages were marked specifically and tactfully to provide Bertie with notes on where to pause and when to emphasize. Slowly the blinking light switches off and Bertie stares nervously into the microphone; his hands are shaking, throat is swelling, and neck is constricting. People internationally were tuned in, listening closely with growing apprehension to the silence. Lione l calmly looks at Bertie and tells him to breath. Using Lionel’s contagious confidence, Bertie exhaled, remembering the techniques he had practiced, and the king was able to begin. King George VI started slowly and with minimal confidence in his voice, grasping the speech in his hands, but soon after addressing his people both domestic and overseas, his performance improved. With simple pauses between every few words, as planned in his notes, not only does the king develop a slow consistent rhythm, but also creates a suspenseful message for the world-wide audience. As the speech progressed, King George VI spoke more confidently and captured the attention of his audience. During this speech, the movie displayed many side scenes of different groups of people attentively listening to the radio, taking in every word. Even though the king started the speech with shaky hands and a rather nervous