Narcissus Classic Greek Icon of Extreme Self-Love

Narcissus is a legendarily handsome young man in Greek mythology and the basis of a fertility myth. He experiences a particularly extreme form of self-love which leads to his death and transformation into a narcissus flower, fit to attract the goddess Persephone on her way to Hades.   Fast Facts: Narcissus, Greek Icon of Extreme Self-Love Alternate Names: Narkissus (Greek)Roman Equivalent: Narcissus (Roman)Culture/Country: Classical Greek and RomanRealms and Powers: The woodlands, no powers to speak ofParents: His mother was the nymph Liriope, his father the river god KephisosPrimary Sources: Ovid (The Metamorphosis III, 339–510), Pausanius, Conon Narcissus in Greek Mythology   According to Ovids Metamorphosis, Narcissus is the son of the river god Kephissos (Cephissus). He was conceived when Kephissos fell in love with and raped the nymph Leirope (or Liriope) of Thespiae, ensnaring her with his winding streams. Concerned for his future, Leirope consults the blind seer Tiresias, who tells her that her son will reach old age if he never knows himself, a warning and an ironic reversal of the classic Greek ideal, Know thyself, which was carved on the temple in Delphi.   Narcissus dies and is reborn as a plant, and that plant is associated with Persephone, who collects it on the way to the Underworld (Hades). She must spend six months of the year underground, which results in the changing season. Therefore, Narcissus tale, like that of the divine warrior Hyacinth, is also considered a fertility myth. Narcissus and Echo Although a stunningly beautiful young man, Narcissus is heartless. Regardless of the adoration of men, women, and mountain and water nymphs, he spurns them all. Narcissus history is tied up with the nymph Echo, who was cursed by Hera. Echo had distracted Hera by keeping up a constant flow of chatter while her sisters were dallying with Zeus. When Hera realized shed been tricked, she declared that the nymph would never be able to speak her own thoughts again, but could only repeat what others said.   One day, wandering in the forest, Echo meets Narcissus, who had been separated from his hunting companions. She tries to embrace him but he spurns her. He cries I would die before I would give you a chance at me, and she answers, Id give you a chance at me. Heartbroken, Echo wanders off into the forest and eventually mourns her life away to nothing. When her bones turn to stone, all thats left is her voice answering others lost in the wilderness. Echo and Narcissus, 1630, by Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665), oil on canvas. G. Dagli Orti / Getty Images A Fading Death Finally, one of Narcissus suitors prays to Nemesis, the goddess of retribution, imploring her  to make Narcissus suffer an unrequited love of his own. Narcissus reaches a fountain where the waters are unruffled, smooth and silvery, and he stares into the pool. He is instantly smitten, and eventually recognizes himself—I am him! he cries—but he cant tear himself away.   Like Echo, Narcissus simply fades away. Unable to move away from his image, he dies from exhaustion and unsatisfied desire. Mourned by the woodland nymphs, when they come to gather his body for burial they only find a flower—the narcissus, with a saffron-colored cup and white petals. To this day, Narcissus lives in the Underworld, transfixed and unable to move from his image in the River Styx.   White daffodils on a rustic wooden background. Marfffa / Getty Images Plus Narcissus as a Symbol To the Greeks, the narcissus flower is a symbol of early death—it is the flower gathered by Persephone on her way to Hades, and it is thought to have a narcotic fragrance. In some versions, Narcissus is not transfixed by his image out of self-love, but instead mourns his twin sister. Today, Narcissus is the symbol used in modern psychology for a person afflicted with the insidious mental disorder of narcissism. Sources and Further Information Bergmann, Martin S. The Legend of Narcissus. American Imago 41.4 (1984): 389–411.Brenkman, John. Narcissus in the Text. The Georgia Review 30.2 (1976): 293–327.Hard, Robin. The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology. London: Routledge, 2003.Leeming, David. The Oxford Companion to World Mythology. Oxford UK: Oxford University Press, 2005.Smith, William, and G.E. Marindon, eds. Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology. London: John Murray, 1904.

Controversy of Privacy and the Internet - 1117 Words

â€Å"Privacy is dead – get over it†, according to Steve Rambam, a privacy investigator who specializes in Internet privacy cases, this is how he considers privacy to be in today’s society. He is just another entity living in the midst of a high technology society to whom privacy seems to be dead when reaching the Internet. With all the traffic on the Internet, the risk of private information falling into the wrong hands is excessive, and with all the advances in computer technology the rate of privacy loss is increasing as well. With the right knowledge and experience in technology anything on the Internet can be access by anyone causing an individual’s privacy to be exposed and violated.. Internet privacy, a subset to computer privacy, involves the mandate of personal privacy concerning the storing, repurposing, provision to third parties, and displaying of information relating to oneself via Internet. The controversy of privacy concern has being articulated form the beginnings of large scale computer sharing. According to Maureen Dorney in her article, â€Å"Privacy and the Internet† she states that in 1993 there were already 83% of Americans that were concerned with threats to personal privacy. In fact, this was not the only year in which data was collected. She adds that in 1970 there were an increasing number of populations being threat of privacy violations. Since then, the controversy prompted several members of congress to call for increased privacy protection for dataShow MoreRelatedIs Personal Privacy At Risk From Social Media?1624 Words   |  7 PagesIs personal privacy at risk due to social media? Since the creation of the first social media site in the late 1990s, over 2 billion people around the world use social media every day. Over the past decade personal and professional life have gradually become overwhelmed with social media, such as Facebook, YouTube, and Twitter. 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Communication in Business Target Market and Convincing

Question: Describe about the Communication in Business for Target Market and Convincing. Answer: Introduction A business organization establishes apt communication plans to reach to its target market and convince them in the case of buying any particular product. A communication plan is therefore considered to be an art of making a firm relationship with the target audience to meet the profit margin with the help of advertisements, e-mails and public relations (Argenti, 2015). In the current year, Toyota Motor group has decided to launch a handful of new cars such as HiLux, C-HR, for which the company needs to set communication plans befitting their profit goal. The purpose of the following report is to make a suitable business plan for the Toyota motor group who are currently going to launch an innovative car. Before make the communication scheme, the assignment has evaluated some key aspects to determine an apt plan for promotions such as the internal and external stakeholders, scopes and objectives of the communication scheme. Additionally, the report has identified formal and informal channels of communication for Toyota and their certain advantages and disadvantages. The entire assignment has been conducted from a head of communication that has been requested to establish a report outlining the structure of a proposed plan for promotion. Hence, the report is going to give a commentary on the evaluation of the effectiveness of the communication scheme. The stakeholders of Toyota Motor group As per Guffey Loewy (2012), stakeholders play potential roles regarding determining the business growth of a particular organization. An automobile company like Toyota determines the demands based on the disposable income, product innovation and prices of vehicle and fuel. In the current business scenario, the automobile industry is suffering from the rising price value of steel and plastics those are the main instigators behind the high price value of cars and other vehicle devices (Cavusgil et al., 2014). Similarly like other leading automobile enterprises, Toyota motors have been another victim of the sudden revenue fall of about 15.4% in the year 2009. Internal stakeholders of Toyota For Toyota, employees are probably the most significant aspect as stakeholders. The company believes that their current success in the automobile market majorly relies on the quality performance of the employees. Hence, the company prefers to provide on development job system and individual training courses like management development, technical development for the working employees which help the staffs to find better opportunities in future (www.toyota.com.au, 2016). Additionally, the company provides satisfactory salary and job security to their employees. However, the company only gives placements to those candidates who have growth potentials. Business partners and shareholders are probably the second most significant stakeholders of Toyota Motors as, without the help of massive capital investment, the company could not have succeeded. Toyota's business partners include suppliers and dealers, and the company prefers to keep a firm relationship with them as a consequent to which the trading partners have developed certain guidelines for purchasing. However, it is a fortunate fact that suppliers' power for the company is weak as the company uses various metals for the production. In the year 2000, the company has gone through a recession which the company tactfully handled with the support of their investors (toyota-industries.com, 2016). Shareholders of Toyota motors are accountable to hold the stability of the business operations and supports to earn a sustainable growth by advancing the virtuous circle. On the other hand, the Toyota motor corporation is another pivotal stakeholder for Toyota as they hold the entire control of all the regional franchises of the company. The company strongly depends on the communities as Toyota has established several initiative programs such as education facility for safe driving courses under the initiative of Go Safely (toyota-industries.com, 2016). External stakeholders of Toyota External stakeholders of Toyota are majorly dominated by the local as well as national communities around the world. For instance, community sponsorship and corporate sponsorships like racing series sponsored by Toyota, Emirates team affect the communities and influence upon their buying preference. Toyota motors give a significant importance to its customers, and the company believes that demands of the customers should be considered first (Sunder, 2016). To reach customer satisfaction, the company gives stress upon upgrading the qualities of their product, sales, and service. According to the Toyota management, work quality is the key to winning customer satisfaction. Following this fundamental concept, the company prefers to make customization and produce cars with different price range. However, the government on the other side is a dominating stakeholder for Toyota as the company is bound to abide regulations and particular enforcement legislation implemented by the government. It is unfortunate a little that Toyota is currently facing issues for producing vehicles which have high MPG. As a dire consequence, the enterprise is continuously lobbying with the present Congress and Toyota now is attempting hard to get back customer trust which they have supposedly lost due to having lobbying issues (Choi Chung, 2012). Furthermore, Toyota considers social media as valuable external stakeholders as they provide latest and reliable information about the cars. However, both local and international NGOs and SRI (Sustainable Responsible Investment) are potential stakeholders for Toyota Motors as the company relies upon their positive rating regarding the resistance power of the manufactured cars. Scopes and aims of the communication plan The plan Before making a firm communication plan, it is essential to find out appropriate target market for the upcoming product (Coombs, 2014). Toyota Motors new crossover vehicle C-HR has been decided to make an arrival in early 2017. The car has been designed to lure the elite section of the society and distinctly those who possess an immense passion for the car. The sole purpose of Toyota Motors is to attract consumers by providing a satisfying experience of ownership. Additionally, they maintain the objective to dominate the market with the maximum supply of car. As opined by Mishra, Boynton Mishra (2014), a communication plan should accompany the core objectives of a company. C-HR is designed as a full sized sports utility vehicle (SUV) which is being considered to give a proper shape to the future of the sport or suburban utility vehicle. Fortunately, with the launch of C-HR, the company will find opportunities for sponsoring car racing events successfully. Considering all these aspects a relevant communication plan for the company will be to communicate through advertising, organizing public events and conducting personal selling for the external stakeholders. In the case of an advertisement, the company should consider online social Medias like Facebook, Twitter, and Google plus for the purpose of promotion (Russell Neuman et al., 2014). On the other hand, through organizing public events, the company can increase public awareness regarding the importance of sustainability and the potentiality of the new brand in shaping opportunities for small SUVS (Berger Iyengar, 2013). However, the company should not forget about informing about the entire communication plan to the existing employees with the help of e-mails and notice board. The communication plan should be sent to the departments of sales and marketing and finance initially and in this case the responsible persons will be the individual team leaders and field managers of the enterprise (Eyre, 2016). Information Stakeholder to provide information Responsible authority Time Information on companys vision regarding the launch Shareholders, employees, and suppliers CEO or the president First week Information about the probable budget Department of Finance Chief financial officer Second week Information on customer survey, present market survey report Supervisors of the manufacturing and logistics department Field managers Second and third week Information on promotional details Marketing department Chief executive of marketing Fourth week Particulars of the car Audience Media channels From the second month Information about the design, resistance power and durability of the car Overall audience, SRI Media channels, social networking sites From the second month Figure 1: Information plan for the stakeholders (Source: As created by the author) Scope and aims The purpose and objective of the communication plan for the external stakeholders will be therefore to invite customers between the age of 18 to 35 who prefers to a cost-efficient vehicle with reliable durability, safety, and superior quality. Alongside, the communication plan has possible chances to increase the brand image of Toyota Motors in countries like Australia and the USA. Most importantly, if the communication runs smooth on the internet and supposed public events will turn successful, then it can be expected that the growth of the confidence level of the customers and market share will maximize. If the plan runs successfully, then it would probably increase the level of trust of the customers those wishes to make a career in the sport of car racing. The plan has the potentiality to broaden the scope of the company in case of sponsoring car racing competitions. With the help of the program, Toyota can successfully gain individual opinions from the internal stakeholders, and it will contribute to assessing possible risk regarding the launch. Advantages and disadvantages of the formal and informal channels for communication of Toyota Communication channels for promotion are required to build an efficient and strong relationship with the target market and other external stakeholders for a company (DeFleur DeFleur, 2016). As per the designed communication plan, most of Toyota Motors communication relies upon the informal communication style as most of the promotional activities will supposedly be conducted through online social media. However, the communication plan includes promotion through organizing multiple public events; therefore there are chances for formal communication with the audiences. Formal channels of Toyota and their advantages and disadvantages Toyota motors prefer to maintain their formal communication with their employee through newsletters, notice board, memoranda and business plans. Even the proposed communication plan itself will work as a channel of official communication for the company. With the help of these official communication channels, the company has successfully established an effective communication process in which employees of the company share their opinions and information. The ability of Toyota motors in case of competing with rival organizations like Honda and Kia relies on the communication skills of their employees, though newsletter; memorandums and notice board are not enough for acquiring individual opinions from the existing workers. The practice of sharing information through these channels matches with the top down communication pattern. On the side of advantage where this kind of communication enables an equal flow of information, such communication process increases the risk of losing critical details or any relevant information about a project on the side of disadvantage (Eisenberg, E. M., Goodall Jr Trethewey, 2013). It would help if Toyota will increase the number of review meetings with the existing workers and give importance to the scheduled conversations. However, both international and domestic event management organizations like Event Planet and automobile dealers will work as the formal channels for Toyota motors for the promotional activities in case of launching the new car (Martin Nakayama, 2013). Alongside, Toyota considers sending e-mails to their core customers at the time of launching any new car in the market. Sending electronic mails to the individual core customers is beneficial as this process enables a firm and loyal relationship with the target audience. On the other hand, communication through public events provides the opportunities for face to face interaction with the audience (Schultz, Castell Morsing, 2013). However, in the case of informing or alluring customers through public events is not worth equivalent to the process of sending e-mails to the core ones. Hence, the disadvantage of using e-mails through this process is the company can only convince conveniently to a certain number of people and not every in dividual (McCombs, 2013). Informal channels of Toyota and their advantages and disadvantages Toyota uses newsletters, e-mails, notice board, text messages and memos in forms of informal communication with its employees. If the company uses online social Medias like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube as the informal channels of communication, then it will work in favor for the company. In the current scenario, online social Medias and websites are viewed by a maximum number of audience and specifically sports lovers prefer to keep an eye on the online video channels like YouTube and news channels to get current updates about any news of car launch (Johnson, 2013). Informal channels like online social media and news channels will give the advantage to earn the attention of the international audience which will raise the revenue margin and help to gain international sponsorship for car racing. However, on the contrary, informal communication channels may not prove successful for those people who are not frequent with the online social Medias. Therefore, instead of communicating through these channels, Toyota should give equal importance in promoting through local and international newspapers. Nonetheless, as opined by Adams, Harf Ford (2014), the theory of setting agenda is the process of covering particular news accurately and frequently to enhance its volume of importance. Toyota should keep in mind that the theory of Agenda setting will help to increase the level of importance regarding the new launch in the minds of the audience. Nevertheless, for the employees and other internal stakeholders, Toyota prefers to have communication through emails and telephonic conversation in the form of informal communication. Telephonic conversations and text messages help internal stakeholders to express and share the individual point of views with the management (Jindal, Laveena Aggarwal, 2015). Commentary for critically evaluating the effectiveness of the communication plan According to the action schedule of the communication plan, the company will spend a pretty amount of budget for broadcasting over the internet, social media channels and newspaper to have firm communication with the external stakeholders. The communication plan has strongly considered the theory of Agenda-setting, following which the action plan of the communication schedule involves a thorough repetition of the entire advertisement program for near about two months. The plan seems more to focus on making close communication with the external stakeholders and little less upon the internal ones. However, there should a planned schedule through which it would be easy to understand whether the plan has succeeded or not. Action Time Survey through online voting and rating One month Market survey through random selection Two month Table 2: Survey plan (Source: As created by the author) Conclusion From the above-considered report, it can be deduced that the communication plan for the launch of C-HR of Toyota has been prepared considering the necessity to share relevant information for both the internal and external stakeholders. The assignment indicates that formal channels of communication as well as informal channels of communication are required for the considered purpose. As per the proposed communication plan, employees and business partners are the prime internal stakeholders for Toyota for whom the company should make use of communication channels like e-mails, newsletters, phone calls and schedule meetings. On the other side, for chief external stakeholders like customers, media, government and local communities, Toyota should mainly depend upon online and offline social media such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, news and TV channels. Additionally public events, the press release will help actively in making a convenient communication bond. References Adams, A., Harf, A., Ford, R. (2014). Agenda Setting Theory: A Critique of Maxwell McCombs Donald Shaws Theory In Em Griffins A First Look at Communication Theory.Meta-communicate,4(1). Argenti, P. A. (2015).Corporate communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Berger, J., Iyengar, R. (2013). Communication channels and word of mouth: How the medium shapes the message.Journal of Consumer Research,40(3), 567-579. Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., Rose, E. L. (2014).International business. Pearson Australia. Choi, J., Chung, W. (2012). Analysis of the Interactive Relationship Between Apology and Product Involvement in Crisis Communication: Study on the Toyota Recall Crisis.Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 1050651912458923. Coombs, W. T. (2014).Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding. Sage Publications. DeFleur, M. L., DeFleur, M. H. (2016).Mass communication theories: Explaining origins, processes, and effects. Routledge. Eisenberg, E. M., Goodall Jr, H. L., Trethewey, A. (2013).Organizational communication: Balancing creativity and constraint. Macmillan Higher Education. Eyre, E. C. (2016).Business Communication: Made Simple. Elsevier. Guffey, M. E., Loewy, D. (2012).Essentials of business communication. Cengage Learning. Jindal, S., Laveena, L., Aggarwal, A. (2015). A Comparitive Study Of Crisis Management-Toyota V/S General Motors.Scholedge International Journal of Management Development ISSN 2394-3378,2(6), 1-12. Johnson, T. J. (2013).Agenda setting in a 2.0 world: New agendas in communication. Routledge. Martin, J. N., Nakayama, T. K. (2013).Experiencing intercultural communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. McCombs, M. (2013).Setting the agenda: The mass media and public opinion. John Wiley Sons. Mishra, K., Boynton, L., Mishra, A. (2014). Driving Employee Engagement The Expanded Role of Internal Communications.International Journal of Business Communication,51(2), 183-202. Russell Neuman, W., Guggenheim, L., Mo Jang, S., Bae, S. Y. (2014). The dynamics of public attention: Agendaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ setting theory meets big data.Journal of Communication,64(2), 193-214. Schultz, F., Castell, I., Morsing, M. (2013). The construction of corporate social responsibility in network societies: A communication view.Journal of business ethics,115(4), 681-692. Sunder M, V. (2016). Lean six sigma project managementa stakeholder management perspective.The TQM Journal,28(1), 132-150. Toyota About The Company. (2016).Toyota Australia. Retrieved 16 September 2016, from https://www.toyota.com.au/toyota/company toyota-industries.com. (2016).toyota-industries.com. Retrieved 15 September 2016, from https://www.toyota-industries.com/csr/library/pdf2006/24-25.pdf

Valley Archive Collections

The modern world as well as the future needs historical accounts in order to be aware of how events have changed with time. There are a number of ways of learning about the past. However, archives provide very important resources that give an account of the past. It is therefore crucial for communities to be informed about the importance of valuing and keeping their archives containing precious historical documents.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Valley Archive Collections specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The archives will protect useful documents, diaries, catalogues, reference books, photographs, music, films, minutes, letters, land records, newspapers, censuses and correspondence which will be invaluable for future generations. The essay discuses the power and potential of the Valley Archive collections, a project which happens to be part of the Virginia Center for Digital History at the University of Virgini a. The modern world has witnessed tremendous information, communication and technological advancements. Virtually all sectors in the society have made efforts to integrate these significant developments. Historians have not been left behind as far as keeping important records that gives an account of the past is concerned. The Valley of the Shadow is a digital archive of very crucial sources of information about the people of Augusta County, Virginia, and Franklin County, Pennsylvania, during the period of the American Civil War between 1859 and 1870. Most archives contain very limited documentation of the past which makes them look like digital books. However, the Valley of the Shadow archive is more like a large digital library that provides an account of thousands of original documents that paints a clear picture of how men and women of Augusta and Franklin counties lived during the Civil War in America. Despite its huge size, the Valley Archive Project is well structured and eas y to use. It contains thousands of census and government records which include maps and images, land and church records, official statistics, and tax records, letters and diaries, newspapers and speeches, and they all provide very detailed information about the day to day activities of people in the two counties during the time of the war. The three major sections into which the archive is divided make it easier to browse and access preferred information. The Eve of the War (1859-1861), The War Years (spring 1861-spring 1865), and The Aftermath (1865-1870) are the three sections of the Valley Archive. The click of a mouse on each section of interest enables one to take a tour into this virtual library. As one goes deeper into the library, one gets access to original documentation of most sectors of the society in the two counties at the time of the Civil War. Archives, therefore, are invaluable sources of historical accounts of any given society.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With the nature of the Valley Archive Project, it is evident that historical accounts can be integrated with scientific and technological advancements that make it easier for historians to access various accounts of the past. This ease of accessing historical information helps researchers in conducting investigations through the analysis of original documentations in their digital form. We can conclude, therefore, that without archives, there is no history. Work Cited University of Virginia (2009). The Valley of the Shadow. Retrieved from http://valley.lib.virginia.edu/VoS/choosepart.html This essay on Valley Archive Collections was written and submitted by user Lillie Chase to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.